Music Video: One Direction - History

One Direction CSP

Industry

1) How were One Direction formed and how is this reflected in the music video for History?

One Direction was media constructed in a positive way, this is shown in the video where they make it seem as if they won X Factor when they came 3rd place. Also, 

2) What is vertical integration?

Vertical integration is when a one conglomerate owns different companies in the same line of production. An example of this would be how Disney owns film studios, TV channels, CGI specialists etc. Complete ownership = more profit

3) What is horizontal integration?

Horizontal integration is when one company buys other companies which are at the same level of distribution as them. An example of this would be how Facebook bought Instagram at the cost of  $1 billion to cancel out competition. This allows a company to widen their audience range but also helps them find other ways to make money.

4) How has technological convergence changed the way audiences consume music videos?
Technical convergence has changed the way audiences consume music videos because when music videos first came out they were used to help draw an audience's attention, so that they would decide to buy the song. But nowadays no one really pays attention to music videos 

The way audiences consume music videos over the past 40 years have changed massively, this is because history was made when MTV (the first 24-hour video music channel) was launched and changed everyone's view of music, everyone was excited about this etc. But now MTV has taken out their music element and has shortened it down to an hour, now they promote ___________. This was done because no one pays attention to music videos anymore since its become a compulsory element to music.

5) As a manufactured band, what influence do Simon Cowell and the record company Syco (part of Sony) have over the content and release strategy of One Direction music videos?

Since One Direction is a constructed band, Simon Cowell & Syco Records have a major impact over the content & release strategy of One Direction's music videos, I believe this because without Simon Cowell they wouldn't really be anything so therefore if they don't follow his orders why would he still promote and show them in a good light.

Audience

1) What is the main One Direction audience - demographics and psychographics?

One Direction was a worldwide band, but despite being worldwide you're able to see a main female audience of caucasians around teenager years. 

2) What audience pleasures are offered by the music video for History?

The main audience pleasures given within this video would be diversion, personal identity & relationships. Diversion would happen throughout the whole music video as fans of this band would feel homesick knowing that this is their last song together as a collective. Personal identity would be when they show shots of their fans, for example they show numerous footage from behind the band when they step on stage to perform at concerts. This would tap into personal identity because if your a fan of them you would be able to recognise the places or you could have even been there yourself which leads to nostalgia. Personal relationships would be when they show the balcony scene because they add in diegetic sound of the crowd screaming.This would tap into personal relationships because it gives the crowd some kind of "voice" in the music video.

3) Pick out three particular shots, scenes or moments in the video that would particularly appeal to One Direction fans. Why did you choose those moments? 

I've decided to use the shots below because it gives a quick summary of what the music videos constructed to show.

First shot - first audition together as a collective and shows that they were constructed together in a good way because they became a well known boy band.
Simon Cowell close up - he's smiling and as he rarely smiles this shows us that he sees them as the next upcoming thing, so he signs them to his record label (Syco Records).
Last shot - they end up splitting and going in separate directions to show that their time together and time as a celebrity has come to an end.

4) What is nostalgia and why is it a key audience pleasure for the History music video?

Nostalgia is when you think about your past, good or bad, and it makes you cry or feel homesick. This is a key audience pleasure for the music video because it shows the band on their first stage performance to their last, and the song promotes their last times together. This would make their fans cry or feel homesick knowing that this is their last song, and that they won't be making new music as a collective.

5) How are fans positioned to respond to the video? What do the producers want One Direction fans to take from the video?

The video starts off with black & white shots of when they look like babies and gradually moves onto shots of them when they look older but in between these shots are coloured ones of them presently, at the end of the video they separate and go different directions. The producers done this to represent an end to One Direction & to let their audience know that they won't be seen in the industry together.

Introduction to Music Video

Music Video CSP

1) What are the key conventions of music video?
Key conventions of music videos contain fast paced camera work & editing, visual effects, some kind of narrative or performance shown etc.

2) What is intertextuality?
Intertextuality refers to a process on which one media text makes references to another, this is mainly used in film, television, music videos, advertisements etc. An example of this would be Michael Jackson's Thriller music video which had the narrative of a horror film.

3) When did music videos first become a major part of the music industry?
Music videos became a major part of the music industry and were designed as a promotional device to sell the brand or the artists.

4) What launched in 1981 and why were music videos an important part of the music industry in the 1980s and 1990s?
In 1980's MTV was launched meaning that huge budgets were contributed to producing creative music videos to draw an audience's attention.

5) How are music videos distributed and watched in the digital age?
Music videos are now watched on portable devices such as mobiles, tablets, laptops etc.

Newspaper: The Times Case Study

The Times Case Study

Language

1) What is the main story on the front cover of the Times CSP edition (5 May 2018) and why does it appeal to Times readers?
The main story on The Times newspaper is about Labour losing the local elections "MPs call for inquest as Corbyn fails the election tests". This would appeal to a Times reader because they are more upper class and use higher language. Also their readers are of an older generation which means they are more likely to be interested in politics, and The Times is aimed at people who vote Tories and they support the Conservatives.

2) What are the main stories on the inside pages of the Times CSP edition (5 May 2018)?
The main stories on the inside pages of The Times are all about politics, you are able to see this from the headlines:
"Results show that voters want hard Brexit, ministers tell May"
"Comeback starts here, says Cable after Lib Dem gains"
"Birmingham reminds red despite scandals"
"Ukips chief's positive spin: We're like the black death"

3) What is the balance on the Times front page between images, headlines and text? How does this contrast with The Mirror?
The balance between text and images on The Times is quite fair even though some may argue that they use more text. This contrasts the Mirror because unlike The Times, they use a lot more images to cover up the front page of their newspaper.

4) Which of Galtung and Ruge's News Values apply to the Times' front page stories? Write about both the politics main story and the Sir Paul McCartney picture story.
The Times has applied a lot of news values in our CSP edition on the front cover such as immediacy, familiarity, amplitude, continuity & frequency. Both stories on the front cover, cover immediacy & familiarity. The politics cover continuity & frequency because it happens every couple of years, but also covers amplitude because it has effects to everyone's lives in the UK.

5) What does a close analysis of the news stories in the Times CSP edition suggest about the Times's political beliefs?
The news stories shown in The Times suggests that they support the Conservatives but they do not like the idea of a female being the leader of the group, they hate Theresa May and make her look like a clown but favour Boris Johnson and make him look like a hero.

Industries

1) Who owns the Times?
The Times is owned by Rupert Murdoch who is an Australian billionaire.

2) What was the The Times's circulation in 2019? How many papers did the Times used to sell back in the 1990s?
Back in the 1990s The Times sold about 800,000 copies of their newspaper, but now they sell about 376,000 copies.

3) How has the Times reacted to the decline in print sales and the growth of the internet?
The Times had put up a paywall online so that their news isn't free like  the others, they have a subscription fee which means that where ever their audience follows them they still have to pay a certain amount of money so that they can access The Times news.

4) What does IPSO stand for and what is IPSO's job?
IPSO stands for Independent Press Standards Organisation and their job is to regulate newspapers.

5) Why do some people want stronger regulation of British newspapers?

Some people want a stronger regulation of British Newspapers because the IPSO is regulated voluntarily which means that they are regulated by the news organisation its self. This is a huge problem because this then means that they are marking their own work.

Audience

1) What is the main readership demographic for The Times newspaper?
The main readership for The Times like every other newspaper would be an overwhelming audience of 65+

2) Why do the Times front page stories/features appeal to the Times audience?
The pages on The Times appeals to their audience because they are of higher education, this means that they prefer to read and contain facts and real information unlike people like myself who would prefer to read newspapers such as the Daily Mirror. The Daily Mirror is full of gossip, celebrities etc, where as The Times is a much more serious newspaper.

3) Why might the election coverage be enjoyable to Times readers?
The election coverage may be enjoyable to a Times reader because they are higher class people meaning they use higher language. This would mean they would appeal to the election coverage by the way that they represent it, for example "MPs call for inquest as Corbyn fails election test". An inquest is a public court hearing due to a death that has recently taken place 

4) Why might a reader enjoy the Times? Use Blumler & Katz Uses and Gratifications theory to add detail to your answer.
The uses and gratifications theory The Times appeals to is surveillance this is because it's strictly information, they also use personal identity because they have political views (tories). They only use diversion on weekends, for example in our CSP is a Saturday edition which means they do interviews and features such as the one with Kay Burley & Father Of Daughters but they also use personal relationships, McCartney, Caitlyn Moron etc.

5) Times readers are mostly over 55 years old. Why is this and how is this reflected in the CSP edition?
The Times readers are mostly over the age of 55 because they are an older generation and during their time newspapers were the only way for them to access news and technology came out later so because of this they are used to accessing news from newspaper and feel more comfortable getting news that way, same way the younger generation feel more comfortable going online to get their news for free. This is also represented on our CSP edition because of the fact that they have an advert on "40 best country house hotels" this would appeal to an older audience because they are retired. 


Representation

1) What representation of the Labour Party can be found on the front page of the Times?
The representation of the Labour Party found on the front page of The Times is negative, this is because The Times don't support/agree with anything the Labour Party has to say. They show Corbyn as 

2) What representation of the Conservative Party can be found in The Times newspaper. 
The representation of Conservatives found can be found as a strong and independent party without the right leader, your able to see this from the Sub-heading "Results show that votes want hard Brexit, ministers tell May". Since they have to tell the leader of such an independent and strong party what has to be done/ what people in the country want the be done makes it seem as if she isn't doing her job correct.

3) What representations of gender can be found in The Times CSP pages? 
On The Times CSP gender representation seems to be subverted. This is because of the fact that Kay Burley (a female Sky news journalist) is shown as strong, you're able to see this on the cover page of our CSP as she's shown in a picture of her flexing her muscles with the caption "Don't mess with me". Also, there's a picture of as father surrounded by three little girls with the caption "Britain's most wanted dad Fame, fans, four daughters". The man shown in this image is called Simon Hopper aka Father of daughters (Instagram account) and he's known because... .This subverts male stereotypes because...

4) How does the Times reinforce British social and cultural values in their front page? Look at the kicker, pug 
If you look at the top of a Times newspaper you can see a crest, this crest has connotations of a royal & historical background of Britain and makes us think of the newspaper as a brand that is dependable, trustworthy and very right wing views.                                                                           

5) How are the pages constructed to encourage the audience to take a negative view of the Labour Party?
The pages constructed on The Times are to encourage an audience to view Labour negatively since they dislike them. Your able to see this from numerous headlines, "MPs call for inquest as Corbyn fails election test" "Corbyn blamed for loss of Jewish support" & also from the text written "Labour brushes off an era of scandals" but they do this in a very weird way because they also make it seem as if Conservatives need to be viewed badly even though they strongly support them. They do this because they didn't like the leader of the Conservative party and at this time that was Theresa May, they had added in the same photos and graphs that were shown in the Daily Mirror to make Theresa May look like a clown and a fool

December PPE: Paper 2 Learner Response

Paper 2 Learner Response

1) Type up your feedback in full (you don't need to write the mark and grade if you want to keep 
WWW - Although this is not where you want to be long-term, this is an improvement on the summer and there is clear potential to go a lot higher.
EBI - You've missed out Q2! That's 20 marks or 25% of the paper. Revise TV and practise! The other key aspect to work on is question focus.

2) On a scale of 1-10 (1 = low, 10 = high), how much revision and preparation did you do for the December PPEs?
On a scale of 1-10 I would say my revision and preparation was a 1 on my December PPEs.

3) Use the mark scheme for this assessment to identify three points you could have made in any of the questions in Section A (Television). Look for the indicative content in the mark scheme - these are the suggested answers from AQA
The three main points I could have made 


4) There are three 20-mark essay questions in Media Paper 2. What will you do to improve your performance in the 20-mark essays in the March PPEs?
To improve on the 20 mark questions for my March PPEs I would need to revise and look back on narrative, such as revising Propp's Character Theory, Todorov's Equalibrium, Bathes action + enigma codes

5) Question 5 is a synoptic question that requires you to refer to other CSPs. What other CSPs could you have used for this Question 5 on Zoella and celebrity?
For the synoptic question I could have referred to CSPs such as NHS Represent Campaign because it shows a very old type of celebrity which contrasts from Zoella and how she's represented as a modern day celebrity.

Zoella Case Study

Zoella Case Study

Language

Read this Marie Clare article on Zoella as an online phenomenon.

1) Who is Zoella and why is she famous? How many subscribers does Zoella's YouTube channel have currently?
Zoella started off as a blogger and eventually moved onto YouTube, Zoella is now a well known You Tuber who targets a teenage audience, but as she's been getting older she's been going down hill as a world sensation. Currently Zoella approximately has 9.7 million followers (updated 29 October 2019)

2) What is convergence?
Convergence is when things come together (intertextuality).

3) What are Zoella's videos about? Find five video titles and write them here:

4) What are the codes and conventions of vlogging videos?

5) How does Zoella use media language choices to create her online identity?
Zoella uses mise-en-scene to create her online identity with costume and ____, she also uses a ___ tone and informal language to create an sense of diversion and make it seem as if your talking to a friend.

Industries

1) How does Zoella make money?
Zoella mainly makes her money from promotions, advertisements (pre-roll ads) etc. But she also has her own book collection (ghost written), meet & greets, beauty line etc.

2) What is a digital influencer? Why is Zoella considered a digital influencer?
A digital influencer is someone who uses social media sites to become famous and influences other people, they do this by    Zoella's seen as a digital influencer because she has a lot of followers who keep up with what shes doing, for example shes a

3) Why do companies want to place their products in Zoella's videos?
Companies want to place their products in Zoella's videos because she has a huge fan base and gets an average of  1.1 billion views (and counting) on each video. Also, this would help them both out because she gets payed for doing this and the more money she gets the more videos she would make since it helps her money increase but this would also help the companies who pay her because if shes more active on YouTube she would get an even larger fan base meaning if she successes the companies would have success as well.

4) Why are YouTube collaborations so important for helping digital influencers like Zoella to grow?
YouTube collaborations are so important for digital influences like Zoella because it brings together her fans and the person she decides to collab with fans, this means that if each fan base ends up liking the video other other YouTuber that their one collab with they would then end up scrolling through the other YouTubers account and selecting videos that they may find interesting.

5) How has Zoella moved into a more traditional media landscape in recent years?
Zoella has turned into a more traditional media landscape in recent years by appearing on TV such as ITV's Loose Women show, having her own book (ghostwritten) etc.

Audience

1) Who is the target audience for Zoella's channel?
Zoella's YouTube channel is mainly targeted towards teenagers, as your able to see by the way she acts.

2) How are audiences encouraged to participate in or feel part of Zoella's brand? 

3) What audience pleasures are provided by Zoella's videos and associated products?
Zoella's YouTube videos provide the audience pleasures of

4) Applying Stuart Hall's Reception theory, what would a preferred and oppositional reading of Zoella?

Preferred (people who love Zoella): She's a great role model because she's seen as a normal down-to-earth girl just like her audience.
Oppositional (people who hate Zoella): She isn't a great role model because she's seen as being a hypocrite, for example she tells her audience that caring about looks leads to anxiety and depression but she has her very own make up line with Superdrug. Also, she has various tutorials on hair & makeup. She also does clothes hauls.

5) Why has Zoella been criticised by some people?
Zoella has been criticised by some people for the very thing that I had just said, she warns young females about caring for looks leads to anxiety and depression but in fact she's being a hypocrite because she doesn't follow what she tells her young audience to do.

Representations

Read this Independent article arguing Zoella is a bad role model for young women.

Next, read this Independent article arguing the opposite. 

1) What is your opinion on this debate - is Zoella a positive role model for young women?
In my opinion, I think Zoella is a bad role model for young women because she's constructed as you're able to see from her video's. No one that "works" as a YouTuber should ever be that happy, it's just utterly unrealistic. The connotations that young women would get from her YouTube video's would be to hide and cover up their emotions and that being a hypocrite is okay.
However, some people may disagree with my statement and say that she's a good role model because of how she constructs herself to be the "happy" human being that she is and that this would show young females to see everything as positive. Also to show people that everything is a new opportunity and the only way to do good and successful in life is to think positive as she does. An example of this would be Zoella herself.

2) What representations of women are provided by Zoella?
Zoella confuses her audience when it comes to the representation of women, she does this because she tells her female audience to not worry about the way that they look or anything like that but she's being hypocritical because in most of her videos shes caked up with make up. Also, she had released her own beauty line with Superdrug.

3) What representations of celebrity are provided by Zoella? Is a self-made YouTube celebrity more authentic or positive than a traditional music or TV star?
Zoella as you may already know isn't a traditional media star. She's self-made, she started off blogging at a young age then moved onto vlogging which she may do sometimes in her YouTube videos.

4) How does Zoella represent herself? Is this the real Zoe Suggs or a media construction designed to sell products?
Zoella represents herself as a ____ teenager and because of this I personally believe that this version of Zoe Sugg is media constructed and designed to sell her products so that she's able to make a reliable income. Zoella acts as if she's a 16 or 17 year old but she's actually 29 years of age.When she started YouTube she was ____.

5) What criticisms could be levelled at the representation of Zoella? 

Newspaper: Daily Mirror Case Study

Daily Mirror Case Study

Language

1) Write the definition of the following key language for newspaper front pages:

Masthead: The title block of the newspaper
Incentive: A special offer or voucher used to draw a readers attention (usually in tabloid newspapers)
Pug: Something to catch the readers eye
Splash Head: The lead story
Slogan: Sums up ethos of newspaper
Dateline: The date the newspaper was published 
Kicker: Story at the top of the paper to draw interest in content
Byline: Gives the name of the article writer
Standfirst: Introductory paragraph usually in bold 

2) How much does a copy of the Daily Mirror cost?
A copy of the Daily Mirror costs £1.20

3) What are the main stories on the CSP edition of the Daily Mirror?
The main stories on the CSP edition of the Daily Mirror were about the Coronation Street actor Michael Le Vell aka Kevin Webster and the one about the Royal Family "Meghan's dad WILL walk her down aisle"

4) Why is the choice of news story on the CSP front page typical of a tabloid newspaper?
It's a typical tabloid news story because of the use of slang "CORRIE KEV'S...COPS...BUST-UP" and because of the use of big pictures to cover up the front page. Also, they sensationalised news. An example for this is Kevin's story where it says he was arrested in bold but says "will take no further action" in smaller text.

5) What is the balance on the Daily Mirror front page between images, headlines and text?
On the Daily Mirror front page your able to see that there's no balance between images and text, since the main audience for the Daily Mirror is working class they added more pictures than text to draw their audiences.

Industries

1) What company owns the Daily Mirror?
Reach owns the Daily Mirror, but they were formally owned by Trinity Mirror.

2) What is the Daily Mirror's circulation in 2020? How many papers did the Daily Mirror used to sell back in the 1990s?
In the 1990's the Daily Mirror used to sell over 3 million a day, but nowadays they sell around 500,000 a day. This would be because of the internet and how we able able to access news instantly for free.

3) How has the Daily Mirror reacted to the decline in print sales and the growth of the internet?
The Daily Mirror and the rest of the newspaper industry have decided to create news online so that its accessible from the any portable device, giving regular updates so that your able to catch up with the latest news whenever you want.  

4) What does IPSO stand for and what is IPSO's job?
The IPSO stands for Independent Press Standards Organisation, they regulate newspapers and magazines. This is to help us protect our individual rights and help to maintain freedom of expression for the press.

5) Why do some people want stronger regulation of British newspapers?
Some people want a stronger regulation of British newspapers because the IPSO is voluntarily regulated meaning that some people within the news industry probably work there, I see why this may concern certain people because it means that they are going over to mark their own work. 

Audience

1) What is the target audience for the Daily Mirror?
The target audience for the Daily Mirror is mainly people over the age of 55, but they also have a younger audience. 45% of their audience are over the age of 65, 61% of their audience are 55+ & 6% are aged 15-24. 

2) Why does the Mirror front page story appeal to the Daily Mirror audience?
The front page of the Daily Mirror appeals to their target audience because of the fact that they slyly share the same target audience as Coronation Street.   

3) Why might a reader enjoy the Daily Mirror?
A reader may enjoy the Daily Mirror because of their use of surveillance, they give out a lot of information about the world in such simple detail. As well as this, they give a sense of diversion and personal relationships because of how they space out their celebrity gossip as well as royal family gossip.

4) Why are print newspapers generally read by older audiences?
Print newspapers are generally read by a much older audience because younger people get their news from the internet.

5) How is the 'Back from the Red' local election story on the double page spread constructed to appeal to Daily Mirror readers? 
It's constructed to appeal to a Daily Mirror audience because majority of them would most likely support the Labour party and they are making the Conservative party look bad.


Representation

1) How does the Daily Mirror represent the Conservative Party and its MPs?
The Daily Mirror represents the conservatives as inferior towards the Labour Party, they do this because they do not agree to anything the Conservatives say.

2) How does the Daily Mirror represent the Labour Party and its MPs?
The Daily Mirror represents the Labour Party as ethical compared to the Conservatives, they do this because they agree with Labour.

3) How does the Daily Mirror represent Teresa May and Jeremy Corbyn as political leaders?
The Daily Mirror represents Teresa May as a clown even though she's meant to be a political leader, they did this because they do no agree with what the Conservatives want for our country. They had also added a picture of her when she looked idiotic they did this because she's the leader of the Conservatives. However, the Daily Mirror represents Jeremy Corbyn as a hero this may have something to do with their slogan "Fighting For You". Most Daily Mirror readers are working class and this means that they would most likely vote for the Labour Party, since knowing this it would make sense to supporting and showing off Labour as superior. Even if they lost the election. 

4) How does the Daily Mirror represent celebrity?
The Daily Mirror represents celebrity as important but they also show them in a bad light, they do this because in the news industry bad news is good news. Nowadays, people show more love and respect towards  celebrities. Some people may even worship them and this is why the Daily Mirror shows them in this type of way.  

5) Why did the Daily Mirror include a discussion about a Conservative councillor suspended for racism in the double-page spread politics story? 
The Daily Mirror included a discussion about a Conservative councillor being suspended for racism because they do not support anything that the Conservatives have to say. Also they made them look bad straight after they won the election to show us (the whole of Britain) who we decided to choose to rule our country.

Videogames: Kardashain Case Study

Kardashain Case Study

Language

1) What is the objective when playing the Kim Kardashian: Hollywood game?
The objective when playing Kim Kardashian Hollywood game to is become a popular and successful an A-List celebrity who's famous on social media and knows a lot of other celebrities.

2) What is an A-list celebrity? Why is it important in Kim Kardashian: Hollywood?
An A-List celebrity is the highest rank of being famous and its important to Kim Kardashian Hollywood because 

3) How do you download the Kim Kardashian: Hollywood game?
You download the the Kim Kardashian Hollywood game on the app store.

4) What is the narrative or story-line of Kim Kardashian: Hollywood? Where is it set?
There are a lot of different narratives/story-lines for the Kim Kardashian Hollywood game, but the main narrative/story-line is to become an A-List celebrity.

5) What characters can you play as? What characters appear in the game?
On Kim Kardashian Hollywood you make your own avatar to play as. The characters that appear in the game are Kim Kardashian, your avatar and lots of other famous characters.


Industries

1) How much does Kim Kardashian: Hollywood cost?
Kim Kardashian: Hollywood costs more than $220 million

2) How does the game make money?
Kim Kardashian Hollywood makes its money by adding in app purchases, subscriptions (gold $49, sliver $20, bronze $5) and advertising (fashion, beauty products etc.)

3) What subscriptions are available to Kim Kardashian: Hollywood?
The subscriptions available to Kim Kardashian are gold, silver and bronze.

4) How was Kim Kardashian: Hollywood marketed and promoted?
Kim Kardashian: Hollywood was marketed and promoted by advertisement on television, social media and fashion.

5) How does Kim Kardashian: Hollywood use media convergence to cross-promote the game and the Kardashian brand?
Kim Kardashain: Hollywood uses cross-promotion because she has a lot of famous family members and friends who are loved by the media because of the different things they specialise in so she decided to promote her brand to a bigger target audience by getting people to support her.


Audience

1) Who is the intended audience for the Kim Kardashian Hollywood game? Why do you think this?
The intended audience for Kim Kardashian: Hollywood are young females around the ages of 7-13 who may be interested in becoming famous online or in real life. This may also lead to the fact that females are mainly seen to play games on phones or tablets (on the go) where as males like to play computer games.

2) What audience pleasures are provided by the game? Use Blumler & Katz's Uses and Gratifications theory.
The game provides Diversion & Escapism by leading a lifestyle that some people may aspire to, it provides Personal relationships because it fully engrosses you to ensure your avatar is complete, it provides Surveillance & Information because it looks at other celebrities in the game. It also includes Personal identity because it looks at relationships and advice. 

3) Why is the game so addictive for audiences?
The games seen as addictive for audiences because they are being entertained, this is the idea of Blumler + Katz uses and gratification theory of escapism. The game has tasks which would make the audience want to complete, so therefore they will get addicted and want to play more of the game. 

Read this article from Forbes on why the Kim Kardashian game is so successful. If the website is blocked in school, you can access the text of the article here.

4) Why does James Liu think Kim Kardashian: Hollywood is so successful?

5) What does James Liu suggest is the reason players keep coming back to the game?
The frustration of the lack of energy, most of the events require more then one energy to complete. 


Representations

1) What representations of women can be found in Kim Kardashian: Hollywood?
The representations found of women that's found in Kim Kardashian: Hollywood are that women are seen as strong and independent who have control over their own lives, but also theirs certain female characters such as Willow who start an issue with you over a boy which leads into the fact that girls are petty. 

2) What representations of race, ethnicity or sexuality can be found in the game?
Representations of race, ethnicity & sexuality are found as all positives in this game because you are able to make your avatar anything you want.

3) How does the game both reinforce and subvert stereotypes in the media?
It reinforces stereotypes by forcing the appearance of women to  look a certain way, like an Instagram model or influencer. It forces the life of fame upon young males/females.

4) What does the game suggest regarding modern perceptions of celebrity and how to get famous?
Kim Kardashian: Hollywood suggests that to be famous you have to look a certain way online and on social media, you also have to act a certain way and it may give you the kind of feeling as if you have to see yourself as more superior compared to all the other people you are around.

5) How might someone criticise the representation of celebrity in Kim Kardashian: Hollywood?

Someone may criticise the representation of celebrity in Kim Kardashian: Hollywood because of the way they sexuality her in the game, the emphasis on certain body parts such as her breasts which makes females at a young age think that they have to look a certain way.